Limusishiden and Jugui: Mongghul Collection
The World Oral Literature Project is pleased to host the video recordings collected by Dr. Limusishiden and Mrs. Jugui from April 2000 to February 2002. Details of the full collection can be browsed on DSpace@Cambridge by clicking here.
This collection contains 12 videos showing various aspects of Mongghul culture in northeast Qinghai Province. The videos depict various folk practices, including song, folktales, and village rituals.
Collection Details:
Collection: Limusishiden and Jugui: Mongghul Collection
Collector(s): Limusishiden and Jugui
Date(s): 2000-2002
Language(s): Mongghul and Dpa' ris Tibetan
1. Huzhu Mongghul Collection One / 互助土族的采集一
This video contains footage of wedding songs, wedding speeches, and funeral laments. The wedding song is sung when the groom’s representatives come to take the bride from her natal home and is sung to invite her out of her home. The wedding speech is spoken in Tibetan. Usually, funeral laments are sung by females.
在这个录像里有序地包含了婚礼歌和婚礼词以及哀悼歌的片段。当新郎的代表来接新娘的时候唱这首歌让新娘从家里出来。婚礼词是用藏语说的，因为一百多年前土族受到了藏文化极大的影响。哀悼歌一般是由女人（女儿，孙女或儿媳）唱的。
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2. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Two / 互助土族的采集（二）
This video contains footage of drinking songs in both Mongghul and Tibetan. Because local Mongghul have been affected by Tibetans, some Tibetan oral literature has been adopted by Mongghul. The Tibetan employed here is a local variety understood only Tibetans in the area. These dinking songs may sung at any celebratory gatherings.
在这个录像里包含了酒歌的几个片段是由藏语和土语唱的。由于在历史上当地的土族受到藏文化的影响，所以有些口头文学从他们的祖先传承下来。但是他们的藏语只有当地附近的藏族才会听的懂。
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3. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Three / 互助土族的采集 （三）
This video contains footage of drinking songs in both Mongghul and Tibetan. Because local Mongghul have been affected by Tibetans, some Tibetan oral literature has been adopted by Mongghul. The Tibetan employed here is a local variety understood only Tibetans in the area. These dinking songs may sung at any celebratory gatherings.
在这个录像里包含了酒歌的几个片段是由藏语和土语唱的。由于在历史上当地的土族受到藏文化的影响，所以有些口头文学从他们的祖先传承下来。但是他们的藏语只有当地附近的藏族才会听的懂。这些酒歌可以在任何的庆祝聚会上演唱。
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4. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Four / 互助土族的采集（四）
This video contains footage of performances and several folksongs. Such village performances have been organized by the local government since around 2000. The folk songs are sung in Mongghul but accompanied by Tibetan melodies.
在这个录像里包含了节目演出和几首民歌。 从二零零零左右开始政府组织在村庄里演出节目。几首民歌是用土语唱的， 但曲调是藏族的曲调风格。
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5. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Five / 互助土族的采集（五）
This video shows performances during the New Year, including traditional Mongghul dance.
这段录影是春节时期的节目演出，村民们演绎土族的传统舞蹈。
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6. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Six / 互助土族的采集（六）
This video contains footage of folksongs and drinking songs. The folksong Tangdarihgiima is sung in Mongghul and it is still very popular these days. The drinking songs are sung in Tibetan and may be sung at any celebratory gatherings.
在这个录像里包含了民歌和酒歌。民歌唐登格玛是用土语唱的，并且这首歌现在还非常的流行。酒歌是用藏语唱的，这首可以在任何的聚会上演唱的。
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7. Huzhu Mongghul Collection Seven / 互助土族的采集（七）
This video contains footage of two Mongghul folktales. The first folktale is about two brothers doing business. One brother is kind and the other cruel. At last the kind brother earned much money through the others' help, but the cruel one earned nothing. The second story is about a son who treated his mother badly when she was living, but after his mother’s death he felt regret.
在这个录像里包含了两个土族的民间故事。第一个民间故事是关于两个兄弟做生意，一个善良而另一个比较坏，最后善良的通过别人的帮助赚了很多的钱，但坏一点的兄弟什么都没赚到。第二个故事时机当母亲在世的时候关于儿子折磨母亲， 但他的母亲过世以后他感到很后悔。
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8. The Mongghul Bog Ritual / 土族的博格仪式
The Bog ritual is held during the winter in Mongghul communities in order to delight local territorial deities. In 1998, the village had 760 residents, all of whom were Mongghul. Some said their ancestors were Mongols. The Bog ritual in Suobugou Village is called 'Warishida Bog'. 'Warishida' refers to a place name in the village. The event is also called 'Dige Bog' (Egg Bog) because those who participate bring boiled eggs and knock their boiled eggs against other people's eggs. The cracked egg belongs to the person whose egg did not crack. In 2009, Mongghul still observed this ritual.
在土族地区为了使守护神高兴而在冬天的时候举行博格仪式。 这个村在一九九八年有七百六十个居民，并且全都是土族。有些人说他们的祖先是蒙古族。在索卜沟村博格仪式被称为‘哇日世达博格’。‘哇日世达’是村里的一个地方的名字。这个事件还叫做‘地格博格’（鸡蛋博格），因为那些参加的人带来煮熟的鸡蛋后与其他人碰鸡蛋。被打破了的鸡蛋属于那个打破鸡蛋的人。土族仍然在二零零九年期间举行这个仪式。
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9. Datong Mongghul / 大通土族
Limusishiden and his Mongghul wife, Jugui, visited the Datong area from the 23-25 January, 2001. They visited two villages that were thought to be the only places where a few Mongghul still spoke Mongghul in Datong at the time. One was Songbu Village (only one old man and woman were able to speak Mongghul) and another was Tuhun Village. Limusishiden and Jugui estimated at that time that only about ten old Mongghul could speak Mongghul well in the village. Most Datong Mongghul moved to Datong from Huzhu at least a century ago. Each year, on Mourning Day, most Datong Mongghul kowtow in the direction of Huzhu in memory of their Huzhu ancestors before they burn incense.
在二零零一年一月份的二十三至二十五日，李穆斯史登和他的土族妻子桔桂拜访了大通。他们拜访了在大通认为是那时期只有很少的土族人仍然会说土族语的两个村庄。一个村庄是松布（只有一个老爷爷和老奶奶会说土族语），而另一个是土官村。李穆斯史登和桔桂估计那段时间在大通大概只有十个土族老人会说土族语。 大多数的大通土族至少是在一个世纪以前从互助迁移到大通。每年的哀悼日烧香前大通的土族往互助（他们记忆中的互助祖先）方向磕头。
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10. Datong Mongghul Performance / 大通土族的演出
The program performance featured in the film was shot in Tuhun Village. This village has its origins in Tughuan Village, Wushi Town, Huzhu Mongghul Autonomous County with the same ancestor as Limusishiden. Tuhun Village is the only village where a few old people spoke Mongghul in Datong County. Some singers in the video sung in Mongghul but were unable to explain the songs' meaning. Datong Mongghul women’s costume was different from that of Huzhu. The Mongghul language in Datong was almost dead in 2010 among the population of 34,650 (1994) Mongghul in Datong.
出现在影片里的节目演出是在土官村拍摄的。这个村的来源是互助土族自治县五十镇土官村，与李穆斯史登的祖先是一样的。在大通县土官村是唯一有几个年迈的土族老人会说土族语的村。在录像中有几个歌手用土族语唱歌却不知道怎样解释歌的意思。大通土族妇女们的习俗与互助的土族妇女是有区别的。土族语在大通几乎在三万四千六百五十的土族人口中（1994）消失于二零一零年。
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11. Mongghul Love Songs / 土族情歌
In this film, the first 26 minutes are love songs sung in Mongghul; the remaining songs are sung in Mongghul and local Qinghai dialect, but all are Mongghul melodies. Several of these love songs are locally considered to be very old. The three singers reported that before 1984, Mongghul love songs were sung in Mongghul, but this is now much less common, and Mongghul love songs are more commonly sung in Chinese.
在这段影片中的前二十六分唱的是土族情歌，剩下的歌是以土族语和本地的青海方言唱的歌，但全部都是土族歌的旋律。有几首情歌在本地算是很老的。有三个歌手报道称一九八四年以前土族情歌是用土族语唱的，但现在很少见到，用汉语唱土族情歌却变得更加平凡。
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12. Tughuan Hurin-Shzin (Tughuan Twenty-Nine) Festival / 互助县五十镇土官村的二十九庙会和花儿会
Tughuan Hurin-Shzin (Tughuan Twenty-Nine) is an annual Mongghul festival held in Fulaan Nara Tughuan Village on the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth days of the sixth lunar month. Early in the morning of the twenty-ninth day, which is the most important day, all Tughuan residents come to the temple where Tirijiijinbu is enshrined. Meanwhile, village men carry Tughuan Nengneng (Niangniang 娘娘), a sedan-deity pram, to the temple. All village residents worship Tirijiijinbu in the morning by burning incense, lighting lamps, offering small amounts of cash, prostrating, and circumambulating the temple. Villagers also ask Tughuan Nengneng such questions about village affairs as if they should visit Rgulang Monastery and invite monks to the village to chant scriptures; should villagers go to sacred mountain peaks to burn incense, offer sheep, and prostrate to ensure that drought and hailstones do not harm village crops; and so on. People gather to sing Mongghul mountain songs (love songs).
五十镇土官村的庙会在每年农历六月份的二十八和二十九日举行。二十九日的早晨是最重要的，所有土官村的村民会到观音大师所在的庙，与此同时村里的男子将会抬来娘娘的轿车。 所有的村民在早晨拜观音大师，烧香、点灯、献小钱以及绕神庙。村民还会问一些关于村里的事务是否要到格隆寺去应邀几位僧侣到村里念经，是否要到神山顶上烧香和祭羊，跪拜而确定干旱和冰雹不要损害村里的庄稼等等。顺便人们在一起会唱山歌或情歌。
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